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  • The Legal Protection of Animals in Sporting Events and the Case of the ‘Horse Athlete’ in Italian Law

    Roberto Garetto
    34-44
    05-02-2026
    ... The participation of animals in sporting activities varies across legal systems: while some The participation of animals in sporting activities varies across legal systems: while some The Legal Protection of Animals in Sporting Events and the Case of the ‘Horse Athlete’ in Italian The Legal Protection of Animals in Sporting Events and the Case of the ‘Horse Athlete’ in Italian Law ..."
  • Animals as Subjects of Rights: Brazil's Constitutional Blueprint

    Marina Baptista-Rosa
    146-171
    11-12-2024
    ... In most countries, animals typically lack constitutional protection and rely solely on animal In most countries, animals typically lack constitutional protection and rely solely on animal as legal subjects deserving recognition in the legal system. Keywords Constitutional animal law as legal subjects deserving recognition in the legal system. Keywords Constitutional animal law ..."
  • Towards Legal Protection of Animal Interests: Nature-Based or Sentience-Based Approach to Animal Rights

    Zorana S. Todorović
    23-33
    05-02-2026
    ... legal protection. The paper then considers the legal status of animals and whether animals can be rights legal protection. The paper then considers the legal status of animals and whether animals can be rights Towards Legal Protection of Animal Interests: Nature-Based or Sentience-Based Approach to Animal Towards Legal Protection of Animal Interests: Nature-Based or Sentience- Based Approach to Animal Rights ..."
  • Considering the fate of equestrian sports after the Olympics in Paris 2024

    Małgorzata Lubelska-Sazanów
    135-145
    21-11-2024
    ... The status of animals in the modern world has significantly changed over the last decades and the stakeholders. This article aims to show the reality of animal welfare standards in modern equestrian sports . It starts off by presenting the legal foundations of using – and protecting – animals in sport, briefly ............................................................................................................................................... 136 II. The legal basis for the use of animals in sport in the EU ..."
  • Cross-Jurisdictional Study of the 3Rs: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Animal Research Governance in Finland and Switzerland

    Rosa Maria Cajiga, Charlotte Blattner, Birgitta Wahlberg, Markku Suksi, Fabrice Jotterand, Bernice Simone Elger
    62-98
    26-03-2026
    ... these legal frameworks meaningfully advance responsibility toward animals beyond procedural compliance these legal frameworks meaningfully advance responsibility toward animals beyond procedural compliance, within Cross-Jurisdictional Study of the 3Rs: A Comparative Legal Analysis of Animal Research A general legal commitment to protecting animals, even on the constitutional level, rarely suffices ..."
  • The palpable dichotomy between animal cruelty laws and implementation – Is there a way forward for Indian jurisprudence?

    Bhavya Johari
    122-134
    16-10-2024
    ... shortcomings in judicial precedents to alleviate animal suffering and protect their legal rights. By adopting in judicial precedents to alleviate animal suffering and protect their legal rights. By adopting an animal their legal rights. By adopting an animal-centric perspective, the article aims to give voice to the subaltern and protect their legal rights. By adopting an animal-centric perspective, the article aims to give voice ..."
  • If Rivers Have Rights, do Fish Have Rights Too? Examining the Relationship Between Rights of Nature and Animal Rights

    Eva Bernet Kempers
    4-22
    05-02-2026
    ... This article examines the intersection of the Rights of Nature (RoN) and animal rights, two This article examines the intersection of the Rights of Nature (RoN) and animal rights, two attributing legal personality and/or rights to natural entities, the inclusion of individual wild animals between RoN and animal rights, the two paradigms can (and should) be reconciled in legal practice ..."
  • Farm Animal Welfare in Breeding and Gene Editing: a Comparative Analysis of European Union and Swiss Law

    Ilaria Cimadori
    185-215
    18-12-2025
    ... welfare of various farm animal species. This paper conducts a comparative legal analysis of European Union on the welfare of various farm animal species. This paper conducts a comparative legal analysis of European Union the legal status of animals, which changed only in 2003, the constitutional article effectively signaled effects on the welfare of various farm animal species. This paper conducts a comparative legal analysis ..."
  • The Legal Status of Animals in Islamic Law. Selected Diachronic Perspectives from fiqh to Some Contemporary Statutory Laws

    Deborah Scolart
    45-62
    05-02-2026
    ... norms to limit human dominance over animals, it stops short of granting them independent legal status norms to limit human dominance over animals, it stops short of granting them independent legal status The Legal Status of Animals in Islamic Law. Selected Diachronic Perspectives from fiqh to Some The Legal Status of Animals in Islamic Law. Selected Diachronic Perspectives from fiqh to Some ..."
  • When Animal Welfare Meets Institutional Panic: India's Supreme Court Creates Territorial Exclusion Zones for Community Dogs

    Bhavya Johari
    16-23
    29-01-2026
    ... urban areas. Through comparative constitutional analysis of Germany's proportionality framework, Ecuador urban areas. Through comparative constitutional analysis of Germany's proportionality framework, Ecuador system subordinates Article 51A(g)'s constitutional mandate of animal dignity to institutional expedience subordinates Article 51A(g)'s constitutional mandate of animal dignity to institutional expedience, while ..."
  • Workshop Report: Implementation of the 3Rs – Regulatory Animal Testing and Current Debates on Transparency in Animal Experimentation

    Nicole Lüthi, Katerina Styokova, Sara Faizee, Margot Michel
    74-80
    23-05-2025
    ... the 3Rs in Swiss Law – Regulatory Animal Testing and Current Debates on Transparency in Animal of the 3Rs in Swiss Law – Regulatory Animal Testing and Current Debates on Transparency in Animal the strict legal framework for animal research in Switzerland. On the one hand, the constitutional protection assessments and transparency as a legal requirement. Keywords Regulatory Animal Testing, 3Rs, Transparency ..."
  • Editorial for Special Issue

    Sanja Barić, Sandra Winkler, Tomislav Nedić
    1-3
    05-02-2026
    ... Roberto Garetto, The Legal Protection of Animals in Sporting Events and the Case of the ‘Horse Athlete of Animal Interests Roberto Garetto, The Legal Protection of Animals in Sporting Events and the Case ..."
  • Ireland’s First Undergraduate Animal Law Module in a Law School

    Maureen O'Sullivan
    41-61
    19-02-2026
    ... This article is an account of how I came to set up Ireland’s first module in animal law at This article is an account of how I came to set up Ireland’s first module in animal law that inanimate entities such as companies are classified as legal persons but animals, although now recognised such as companies are clas- sified as legal persons but animals, although now recognised as sentient beings ..."
  • What is Animal Dignity in Law?

    Visa Kurki
    9-23
    06-06-2024
    ... discusses the relationship of dignity to intrinsic value, arguing that the legal recognition of animals This essay attempts to understand dignity in the context of primarily European animal law. My on respect for animals. However, adopting dignity-premised legal regulation does not necessarily entail for animals. However, adopting dignity-premised legal regulation does not necessarily entail the abandonment ..."
  • Animal Experimentation in Basic Research – Current Discussion and Implications of the Latest Jurisprudence in Switzerland

    Nicole Lüthi, Katerina Stoykova, Margot Michel
    99-112
    12-09-2024
    ... States, towards phasing out or at least significantly reducing the use and harm of animals in research States, towards phasing out or at least significantly reducing the use and harm of animals in research and animals; there is no other justification for the associated interference with protected legal interests of humans and animals; there is no other justification for the associated interference with protected legal ..."
  • Public Policies for Human-Fauna Relations: Convergences and Contrasts Between South America and the European Union

    Vitor Calandrini, Paulo Santos de Almeida
    24-40
    12-02-2026
    ... institutionalised regulatory model centred on animal welfare and the legal recognition of animal sentience welfare and the legal recognition of animal sentience, structured through supranational legislation centred on animal welfare and the legal recognition of animal sentience, structured through supranational ..."
  • Reasons to Reduce Surplus Animals in Research (in Switzerland) – Or Why the Killing and Death of Animals and Potentially Standard Husbandry Conditions Should be Classified as Harms

    Matthias Eggel, Samuel Camenzind, Paulin Jirkof
    1-15
    22-01-2026
    ... . Since surplus animals are affected by various harms, moral and legal consideration should be given to In Switzerland, approximately 1.2 million animals are used annually for scientific purposes surplus animals are affected by various harms, moral and legal consideration should be given -sentientist harms. Since surplus animals are affected by various harms, moral and legal consideration should ..."
  • Respect for animals to be included in French school curriculums for the first time at the start of the 2024 academic year: a step forward to be encouraged for interspecific protection

    Aloïse Quesne
    92-98
    04-09-2024
    ... d’apprentissage, il convient de souligner qu’inclure l’animal dans le programme d’enseignement moral et civique At the start of the 2024 school year, animals officially made their appearance on the new moral À la rentrée 2024, les animaux ont officiellement fait leur apparition dans les nouveaux in the absence of a separate legal regime.[9] We therefore hope that the notion of animal sensibility Le respect de l’animal inscrit pour la première fois dans les programmes scolaires français in the absence of a separate legal regime.9 We there- fore hope that the notion of animal sensibility Journal of Animal Law, Ethics and One Health (LEOH) ISSN 2813-7434 www.leoh.ch ..."
  • Animals as Artists: An Interdisciplinary Conversation on German Copyright Law

    Julia Kessel, Prof. Dr. Roman Bartosch
    48-59
    28-03-2025
    ... into animal cognition and behaviour, but also with greater attention to non-western legal practice. attention to non-western legal practice. Keywords Animal Rights, Copyright Law, Animal Philosophy, Art , but also with greater attention to non-western legal practice. Keywords Animal Rights, Copyright Law ..."
  • Against utilitarianism in animal testing law

    Eva Bernet Kempers
    12-29
    06-02-2025
    ... , providing a starting point for a multi-dimensional legal approach to the use of animals for scientific about lab animals, providing a starting point to a multi-dimensional legal approach to the use addressing this practice, the ‘standard algorithm’ underlying the legal approach to laboratory animals has algorithm’ underlying the legal approach to laboratory animals has remained relatively consistent over ..."
  • Non-Cruelty to Animals: A General Principle of (Animal) Law

    Sabine Brels
    100-110
    11-07-2025
    ... unnecessary infliction of suffering on animals, is widely reflected in national legal frameworks, indicating a the unnecessary infliction of suffering on animals, is widely reflected in national legal frameworks, indicating of suffering on animals, is widely reflected in national legal frameworks, indicating a broad global consensus on animals, is widely reflected in national legal frameworks, indicating a broad global consensus against ..."
  • Exploring Alternatives to Animal Testing: Scientific, Legal and Ethical Challenges in Developing Novel Alternative Methods with a Focus on Organoids as Potential NAMs

    Inesa Fausch, Daniel Zeyer-Iyengar, Rosa Maria Cajiga Morales , Bernice Elger, Volker Enzmann, Alfred Früh
    81-99
    20-06-2025
    ... non-animal research methods. In this paper, we outline and analyze the legal and regulatory framework to promote and serve the 3R principle – i.e. the replacement, reduction and refinement of animal testing Exploring Alternatives to Animal Testing: Scientific, Legal and Ethical Challenges in Developing Exploring Alternatives to Animal Testing: Scientific, Legal and Ethical Challenges in Developing Novel ..."
  • Moving Away from Thinghood in Law: Animals as a New Legal Category?

    Margot Michel
    29-43
    23-06-2023
    ... The question of what legal status animals have has preoccupied the law for centuries. Most legal Moving Away from Thinghood in Law: Animals as a New Legal Category?[1] Margot Michel * Abstract Moving Away from Thinghood in Law: Animals as a New Legal Category?1 MARGOT MICHEL * Abstract ..."
  • Symposium “Animals in Switzerland, Japan and Beyond - Thinking About Current and Future Concepts”

    Maneesha Decka, Moe Honjo
    17-07-2024
    ... On 5 March 2024, the Symposium “Animals in Switzerland, Japan and Beyond - Thinking About Current On 5 March 2024, the Symposium “Animals in Switzerland, Japan and Beyond - Thinking About Current Animals in Switzerland, Japan and Beyond – Thinking about Current and Future Legal Concepts On 5 ..."
  • The Ranking Argument - Challenging Favourable Comparative Rhetoric about Swiss Animal Welfare Law

    Christian Rodriguez Perez, Nico Dario Müller, Kirsten Persson, David Martin Shaw
    44-55
    14-10-2023
    ... This article captures and critiques a recurring and prominent political argument against animal This article captures and critiques a recurring and prominent political argument against animal added: “A counter proposal in the form of a constitutional provision explicitly subjecting animal of a constitutional provision explicitly subjecting animal ex- periments to other restrictions than those in Article ..."
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Job Vacancy: Research Assistant 20% (from 1 May 2026)

"New Publication Series": Schriften zu Animal Law, Ethik und One Health (Animal Law, Ethics and One Health)

"3Rs in Swiss Law": Initiative by the Center for Animal Law and Ethics (CALE) at the University of Zurich

Events

  • 08.09.2025-19.06.2026: CAS One Health (University of Bern, Single modules can be booked)
  • 20.04.2026: NAMs Live Talks Session 3: How to mitigate the socio-technical barriers to the uptake of NAMs? (online)
  • 28.-30.04.2026: Austrian 3Rdays 2026 (University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna)
  • 01.-03.06.2026: EPAA June workshops (Brussels/online)
  • 03.-04.06.2026: UK Animal Law Conference 2026 (University of Birmingham)
  • 05.06.2026: International Aquaculture Law & Policy Symposium (University of Birmingham)
  • 09.-10.06.2026: Helsinki Animal Law Conference 2026: “Reimagining Justice Across Species” (University of Helsinki)
  • 11.06.2026: Swiss 3Rs Day 2026 (Biozentrum, University of Basel)
  • 15.-18.06.2026: 2026 Summer Immersion on Innovative Approaches in Science (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD)
  • 23.06.2026: One Health: Concept, case studies, challenges and implementation (Eawag, Dübendorf/online)
  • 23.-25.06.2026: UFAW Centenary Conference 2026 - 100 years of Science for Animal Welfare (University of London/online)
  • 06.-10.07.2026: WCCL 2026: Sustainable Constitutionalism and Nonhuman Animals: Rights, Duties and Inclusive Justice (Universidad Externado de Colombia)
  • 13.-17.07.2026: 2026 Law Lecturers’ Workshop (Oklahoma City University)
  • 03.-06.08.2026: Animal Ethics Summer School: "Ethical Strategies for Animal Protection" (Merton College, Oxford)
  • 17.-21.08.2026: Summer School: Animal Law, Rights and Representation (University of Antwerp)
  • 02.-04.09.2026: EPIZONE Annual Meeting 2026 (House of Sports, Ittigen)
  • 10.09.2026: Tagung Politik und Hundegesetze (Kompetenzzentrum Hund Schweiz, Balsthal) 
  • 16.-18.10.2026: The Animal Law Conference (Washington, D.C.)
  • 19.-22.10.2026: XI Coloquios de Derecho Animal (online)
  • 21.-22.10.2026: Workshop on implementing EC Roadmap on phasing out animals in pesticides and biocides (EFSA, Parma)
  • 23.-25.10.2026: Animals, Technology & Law 2026 Conference (The George Washington University Law School/online)

Law, Ethics and One Health

  • 16.04.2026: Brazil: New law allows separated couples to share custody of companion animals
  • 07.04.2026: Uzbekistan: Draft Law on the Reform of Animal Protection Legislation
  • 02.04.2026: Switzerland: Federal Supreme Court ruling: ‘Milk’ may not be used to describe vegan products
  • 31.03.2026: EU: EMA consults on virtual control groups to reduce animal use in medicines development
  • 24.03.2026: International: AI-powered feeding stations for stray animals in Dubai
  • 19.03.2026: Switzerland: National Council rejects import ban on foie gras products, opting for labelling and import monitoring instead
  • 19.03.2026: England/Wales: New law to protect livestock from dog attacks
  • 11.03.2026: EU: Compromise on names for plant-based meat alternatives
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  • 05.03.2026: Switzerland: Parliament wants labeling requirement for meat from multi-day animal transports abroad
  • 26.02.2026: Italy: Parliament considers ban on horse meat
  • 19.02.2026: International: BOAS: Pekingese and Japanese Chin also severely affected
  • 10.02.2026: EU: Commission Partially Registers Citizens’ Initiative on Stray and Shelter Animal Welfare
  • 29.01.2026: Switzerland: SECC-N finalises draft legislation to promote 3R research
  • 27.01.2026: UK: Coalition Launches Initiative to Advance Non-Animal Technologies in Veterinary Science
  • 12.01.2026: Switzerland: KTVE Appoints New President and Adopts Revised Regulations
  • 22.12.2025: United Kingdom: Major Animal Welfare Reforms Announced
  • 11.12.2025: United Kingdom: New legislation introduced to combat pet smuggling
  • 05.12.2025: Poland: President Signs Fur Farming Ban and Vetoes Minimum Requirements for Dog Kennels
  • 04.12.2025: Switzerland: Parliament decides to further tighten wolf regulations
  • 25.11.2025: Switzerland: Transparency in animal research – STAAR Annual Report 2024 published
  • 20.11.2025: United Kingdom: Government presents roadmap for accelerated phase-out of animal testing
  • 06.11.2025: Switzerland: FSVO issues emergency ordinance following detection of HPAI avian influenza virus in the canton of Bern
  • 03.11.2025: Germany: Lower Saxony Tightens Animal Welfare Rules for Cattle
  • 30.10.2025: Great Britain: New animal testing statistics show a decline in the number of animals used in research in 2024
  • 28.10.2025: Switzerland: Animal names for plant-based meat alternatives will no longer be permitted
  • 16.10.2025: EU: Parliament wants to ban names such as ‘veggie burger’ / Animal welfare transport law stalls amid political deadlock
  • 09.10.2025: Switzerland: Federal Council recommends rejection of the popular initiative 'Yes to a future without animal testing [Ja zur tierversuchsfreien Zukunft]'
  • 30.09.2025: Switzerland: Council of States approves wolf culling even in hunting ban areas
  • 18.09.2025: Switzerland: National Council seeks to ban import and trade of fur produced through animal cruelty
  • 17.09.2025: Switzerland: Number of experiments in degree of severity 3 increased this year
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LEOH - Journal of Animal Law, Ethics and One Health | ISSN 2813-7434
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